At old airplanes generation, instrument in cockpit based on mechanic electronic, intent with big capacity and do not rely. Even based on experiences, pilot only interest about 10% from served information. While 90% often causing disinformation, because pilot is only human being with emotion, stress, and physical physic.

Electronics and computer revolution at 1980’s and 1990’s make instrument more applicable. Instrument became smaller, compact, rely, high capability, and low power source consumption. The new technologies make operation system reformulate. And the result Pilot helped, aviation safety increase significantly. Fky by wire soon replace conventional control and glass cockpit replace analog instrument ala “steam gauge”.

Airplane cockpit get it significant revolution because digital technology. At the beginning birth of airplane, airplane only depends on pilot’s eyes. At that moment, airplane still in low speed and fly at low high so pilot determine check point to certain objects on the earth like mountain, island, train rail, etc. Of course, airplanes have to operate at daylight.

When first airplane fly, it only control stick in the cockpit. Step by step, there ar instrument in cockpit. First instrument is machine instrument that is RPM and Oil Pressure. Beside of that, there are Air Speed, Aircraft Compass, and watch that used by pilot to dead reckoning navigation. At end 1920’s Artificial Horizon settled.